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Bellum Batonianum
The ''Bellum Batonianum'' (Latin for "war of the Batons") was a series of military conflicts between an Illyrian alliance and the Roman Empire. The rising began among the Daesitiates of central Bosnia under their leader Bato but were soon joined by the Breuci and numerous other Illyrians. The four-year war, which lasted from AD 6 to 9, saw huge concentrations of Roman forces in the area, (on one occasion the legions and their auxiliaries in a single camp), with whole armies operating across the western Balkans and fighting on more than one front.〔J. J. Wilkes (1992), p. 183: "...Pannonian Illyrians between Italy and the East. That could only be done at a great cost and not before a rebellion of Illyricum brought the regime of Augustus to the brink of disaster."〕 On 3 August AD 8 the Breuci of the Sava valley surrendered, but it took another winter blockade and a season of fighting before the surrender of the Daesiates came in AD 9. It took the Romans three years of hard fighting to quell the revolt, which was described by the Roman historian Suetonius as the most difficult conflict faced by Rome since the Punic Wars two centuries earlier.〔Dio Cassius 55.29-34.〕〔Suetonius, ''Tiberius'' 16, 17.〕
All Illyrians were now subject to Roman rule. In the reign of Nero (AD 54-68) the ancient city of Aphrodisias in Asia Minor celebrated the victories of the Caesars with a monument incorporating figured reliefs depicting the imperial triumphs over the individual peoples. Among the several Illyrian groups singled out were the Japodes, Dardanians, Pannonians, Andizetes and Pirustae.〔Moscy 1974.〕〔Anamali 1987.〕〔Smith 1988 (Aphrodisias).〕
==Origins of the conflict==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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